Therefore, the two Oxygen atoms present in the molecule contribute 6 x 2 = 12 valence electrons. Oxygen’s electronic configuration is 1s22s22p4. Therefore, the two Hydrogen atoms contribute 1 x 2 = 2 valence electrons.īeing in group 6 of the periodic table, Oxygen has six valence electrons and has a valency of -2. Hydrogen has an electronic configuration of 1s1. Therefore, the single Carbon atom contributes 4 x 1 = 4 valence electrons. Let us now calculate the number of valence electrons available to us in HCOOH.Ĭarbon is in group 4 of the periodic table with the electronic configuration 2s22p2. These are used to represent chemical bonds and octets on the Lewis structure. Valence electrons are present in the atom’s outermost shell and can break away to form chemical bonds. To determine the Lewis structure of a particular compound, we must first determine the number of valence electrons available to us. Some of the properties of HCOOH are given below: Name of the molecule Long-term exposure can lead to chronic kidney disease. It is also used as a soldering agent, a tanning agent in the leather industry, and as an alternative to hydrogen in fuel cells.įormic acid can cause mild irritation and blisters. It is used mainly as a preservative for livestock feed. HCOOH is also the simplest carboxylic acid. Oxidation of biomass, electrochemical reduction, and biosynthesis are other methods through which Formic acid can be obtained. Some manufacturers have worked around this by employing novel methods such as liquid-liquid extraction to separate Formic acid from water.įormic acid is also obtained as a byproduct in the production of acetic acid through oxidation. The above reaction requires an excess of water and can be inefficient. This intermediary undergoes hydrolysis to give Formic Acid. The reaction of Carbon Monoxide with Methanol in the presence of Sodium Methoxide gives Methyl Formate. HCOOH can be obtained via several processes. Some ants and other insects use formic acid to ward off predators or other threats. Formic acid exists in a dimer form in the vapor phase as well as in Hydrocarbons.įormic acid owes its name to the Latin word ‘Formica,’ which translates to ants. It is soluble in water and polar solvents. In its purest form, the compound is a colorless liquid that gives off a pungent odor and fumes. The compound is also referred to as a ‘Methanoic Acid’. The chemical formula HCOOH represents Formic Acid.
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